I’ve done something similar already when I leveled my protection warrior under WoW 2.4.3 and thought about giving a recommendation with the new WoW version 3.0.2 as well. Perhaps it helps you a bit if you read my article about the old protection warrior talent build first, because now I’m gonna go straight to the point without much explanation. Furthermore I’ve explained the changes between 2.4.3 and the new 3.0.2 build here. Please remember: there’s no such thing as THE perfect talent build! The one you see below is rather MY PERSONAL opinion for a very defensive protection warrior. There are ways to make him more aggressiv and damage-dealing but I chose to be a walking fortress instead of a damage-dealer.
Level 10-14: Deflection. Whenever you successfully parry you don’t lose health and got the opportunity to use your Revenge ability. This talent is similar to Anticipation with the difference that you theoretically “get hit”, thus gaining more rage in comparison to a dodge.
Level 15-17: Improved Thunder Clap. Very important skill to threat/tank multiple mobs at the same time.
Level 18-22: Shield Specialization. You’re after all a tank who uses a shield, so update this one asap 
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Level 23-27: Anticipation. I hear all the time that people suggest not to upgrade this talent as a tank. The major argument is that a tank needs to get hit often in order to gain rage. Why this is basically true, the whole argument sucks in my opinion. Anticipation is good for 3 reasons: a) the less you get hit the less damage you sustain… and believe me high level mobs hit hard! b) the more often you evade an attack the more often you can use your Revenge ability, which causes a huge amount of threat and deals a great deal of damage. And c) whenever you encounter a boss in a raid and/or instance, you really don’t have to worry about running low on rage 
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Level 28: Last Stand. Very important health boost, which can be a life-safer!
Level 29-30: Shield Mastery. Similar to Shield Specialization: you’re a tank, so use your shield and update all skills with that .
Level 31-32: Improved Revenge. It’s debatable whether or not to update your Revenge skill now or at all at any time, but I think it’s a must-have!
Level 33-37: Toughness. Again, it’s debatable whether or not to update it now, but I think it’s crucial for a protection warrior.
Level 38-40: Puncture. Just like Improved Sunder Armor before, this skill is very useful in my opinion.
Level 41-42: Gag Order. I loved the old Improved Shield Bash already but this skill even increases your Shield Slam damage. So in my opinion very usefull indeed!
Level 43: Concussion Blow. I actually don’t use this skill very often but you need it in order to advance further within the talent-tree .
Level 44: Improved Spell Reflection 1 of 2. This is very useful, but I’d first invest just one skill point to be able to get going.
Level 45: Vigilance. Great skill for instances and party-play… a must-have!
Level 46-48: Focused Rage. Like before, very useful.
Level 49-50: Improved Defence Stance. For you’re in defense stance all the time anyway, it’d be a good idea to update it .
Level 51-53: Vitality. Always good to have an extra strength- and stamina-bonus.
Level 54: Improved Spell Reflection 2 of 2. Now you can spend your second skill point here.
Level 55: Devastate. One of my favorite skills, a must-have!
Level 56: Warbringer. New and very effective as an opening move. With the Charge skill you can run towards a mob, stun it and generate rage at the same time.
Level 57-59: Critical Block. Very interesting skill for your Shield Slam ability.
Level 60-61: Damage Shield. Great new skill for a tank with a shield. Whenever you take damage or block, you deal damage to your opponent.
Level 62-64: Sword and Board. Perfect addition for your Revenge and Shield Slam abilites.
Level 65: Shockwave. Similar to Concussion Blow but stuns multiple targets at the same time.
Level 66-70: One-Handed Weapon Specialization. As a tank with only one one-handed-weapon equipped, this is your perfect talent to increase damage and threat.
Level 71-72: Improved Charge. To be able to charge into your enemy is a very great and useful ability. With this talent you gain 10 additional rage points for your tanking abilities.
Level 73-75: Incite. For you’re gonna use your Thunder Clap ability all the time anyway, it’d be pretty neat to increase your chance to land a critical hit with it by 15% to do more damage and cause more threat. Furtermore this talent also effects your Heroic Strike as well as Cleave ability.
Level 76-78: Armored to the Teeth. The last 5 talent points are pretty difficult to spend in my opinion. I personally suggest to spend 3 talent points to take the additional 3 attack power for every 180 armor you’ve got.
Level 79-80: Cruelty. After that you could spend your remaining 2 talent points into Cruelty to get an additional 2% chance to strike a critical hit with melee weapons. A lot of people prefer to skip Armored to the Teeth completely and invest all 5 points into Cruelty instead but I personally like it better this way. If you’re in doubt just experiment a little to find out what talent tree fits your way of playing most.
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